Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include: Ulcers Hepatitis markers After HP shots Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Pancreatitis Liver failure—acute and chronic Gall bladder disease Inflammatory bowel disease Diverticulitis Jaundice Bilirubin Gastrointestinal bleed – upper and lower Hepatic encephalopathy Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., appendicitis) Renal blood flow Glomerular filtration rate Kidney stones Infections – urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis Acute kidney injury Renal failure – acute and chronic Question 1The decreased renal excretion of sodium and water is caused by what substance? Question 2A patient with massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema is experiencing classic symptoms of: Question 3Untreated enlarged prostate can cause what type of acute kidney injury? Question 4 Women who have symptoms of cystitis for more than 6 weeks with negative urine cultures may have: Question 5Which of these structures are located in the renal medulla? Question 6Reabsorption of large amounts of sodium, water, glucose, amino acids; net reabsorption of bicarbonate; secretion of H1, organic acids, and many medications occurs in what portion of the kidney? Question 7Secretion of potassium, ammonia, and H1; site of action of aldosterone and ADH occurs in what portion of the kidney? Question 8 A patient with sudden onset of oliguria with elevated plasma BUN and plasma creatinine levels is experiencing classic symptoms of: Question 9Bile acid are recycled by the body and absorbed via: Question 10Para-aminohippuric acid is used to estimate what? Question 11Hepatocytes synthesize the primary bile acids from _______________ Question 12Sympathetic stimulation of the renal arterioles causes what reaction? Question 13Two disease processes associated with chronic glomerulonephritis are: Question 14Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis can cause what type of acute kidney injury? Question 15The functional glomeruli are located in what part of the kidney? Question 16Cells that remove bacteria and foreign particles from blood in the hepatic sinusoids are called? Question 17Cells that metabolize nutrients, detoxify chemicals, secrete bile, synthesize albumin and clotting factors, and other functions are called? Question 18The external urethral sphincter is under the voluntary control of what somatic motor nerve? Question 19Acute mesenteric ischemia damages the intestinal mucosa and can eventually cause: Question 20 A salivary enzyme that digests carbohydrates is called __________________

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